The Westman Islands, off Iceland’s south coast, is a story of survival and triumph. Settled by the Norse in 875 AD, they weathered the Turkish Raid of 1627 where most of the population was taken into slavery and the 1973 Heimaey eruption that changed the landscape. Through it all the islanders have persevered, becoming a fishing hub in the 19th and 20th centuries and now a leader in marine conservation with the world’s first open-water beluga whale sanctuary established in 2019. Today the islands combine history with nature, attracting tourists and researchers and showing off a mix of history, nature and innovation. Heimaey, the main island, is the hub for the inhabitants and visitors and has new lava fields, the volcano Eldfell and the famous Killer Whale Keiko.
The Westman Islands were settled around 875 AD when Norsemen came to these remote areas in search of new lands and resources. Named “Vestmannaeyjar” after Irish slaves who had escaped their Norse captors, the islands had plenty to offer. According to the Icelandic sagas these Irish slaves killed their master Hjörleifur Hróðmarsson and Ingólfur Arnarson, Iceland’s first settler, established Norse control over the islands.
The early settlers found the Westman Islands rich in resources despite their isolation. Fishing, bird hunting and gathering seabird eggs was the main economic activity. The surrounding waters were full of fish, a stable food source and trade commodity. Seasonal bird hunting and egg gathering supplemented the settlers diet and provided feathers and down for insulation. Limited farming supplied vegetables and livestock and made the community self-sufficient.
Life in the Westman Islands was hard. The settlers built turf houses to keep out the cold and wind. Family units and communal living was key to survival in such a remote area. The island's inhabitants developed the traditional practice of using ropes to collect eggs from the cliffs, a skill passed down through generations. This was essential for survival when farming conditions were not favorable and even today egg collection on the smaller off-islands is part of the local tradition. The isolation allowed the settlers to develop their own culture and traditions, different from the rest of Iceland. By the 10th and 11th centuries the Westman Islands had become a small self-sufficient community with connections to mainland Iceland, trading for grain, metal tools and other necessities.
In 1627 one of the worst days in the history of the Westman Islands happened. Pirates from North Africa, often called Turkish or Algerian pirates, raided the islands and took about 240 inhabitants into slavery and devastated the community. Led by Murat Reis the pirates targeted the Westman Islands for their isolation and the vulnerability of the inhabitants.
The raid started on July 16th 1627 and the pirates quickly overpowered the islanders, capturing men, women and children. The captured inhabitants were taken across the Atlantic and sold into slavery in North Africa, mostly in Algeria and Morocco. This left the Westman Islands in shock, many families were torn apart and the community was deeply scarred. The raid led to increased fortification and vigilance as the remaining inhabitants sought to protect themselves from future attacks.
Efforts were made to ransom the captured islanders and some were eventually returned to Iceland but many remained in slavery for the rest of their lives. The raid became a symbol of the islanders ability to survive external threats. Annual commemorations and historical accounts have kept the event alive in the Westman Islands’ memory. Today the Turkish Raid is seen as a key part of the islands’ history, proof of the community that survived and continued to exist despite such great hardship.
The 19th century was a time of big change in the Westman Islands, especially on Heimaey the only inhabited island. As Iceland went through the Industrial Revolution and global trade increased the islands saw big changes in their economy, infrastructure and society. This was the era of the expansion of the fishing industry which became the backbone of the islands’ development. Heimaey Island is also known for its murals, street signs and its historical and geological significance related to volcanic activity. The Westman Islands Heimaey Island is a treat for visitors with its many works of art and street decorations.
Traditional fishing methods gave way to modern techniques and equipment and bigger catches and more efficiency. The introduction of decked fishing boats and later motorized vessels changed the industry, allowing fishermen to go further out to sea and access richer fishing grounds. This growth boosted the local economy, created jobs and stimulated growth. The population of the Westman Islands increased and infrastructure was developed to support the growing community.
New homes, schools, churches and hospitals were built and life on the islands improved. Education became more accessible and with formal schools children received a better education and were better prepared for the future, on and off the islands. Communication and transportation links to mainland Iceland increased and the Westman Islands were more connected. Vestmannaeyjar became the main settlement and economic centre with a busy fishing port and more and more businesses and services.
The early 20th century was a time of big change for the Westman Islands, mainly driven by the fishing industry. The introduction of motorized boats and better fishing gear changed the industry, bigger catches and more growth. This was the era when the Westman Islands became one of Iceland’s main fishing centres and the community and way of life was shaped.
The introduction of motorized boats allowed fishermen to access fishing grounds that were previously unreachable, the catch increased significantly. The use of trawlers and other modern fishing methods boosted productivity even more. These technological advancements attracted investments and labour and people came to the islands looking for work and opportunities. The fishing industry became the backbone of the local economy, providing jobs not only for fishermen but also for those involved in processing, transportation and related services. Puffin hunting is also depicted in the island's artwork, including a famous mural of an islander catching a puffin.
Vestmannaeyjar the main settlement on the islands grew fast with the economic growth. New businesses, housing and infrastructure was built to support the growing population and economic activity. The harbour was expanded and modernized to handle the bigger motorized fishing boats and the increased catch. This change turned Vestmannaeyjar into a busy and lively community with a strong maritime culture. The fishing industry brought better living standards, more goods, education and healthcare.
November 14th 1963 Surtsey Island was born, a new volcanic island that rose out of the North Atlantic Ocean, 32 km southwest of Heimaey, during a volcanic eruption that lasted until June 1967. This was a unique opportunity for scientists to study the formation of a new island and ecological succession.
The eruption started underwater, as a fissure in the sea floor spewed out lava and ash. The first stages of the eruption were explosive, as hot lava met cold seawater and produced violent steam explosions. As the eruption continued, the lava cooled and solidified, and a new landmass emerged above sea level. The island was named Surtsey after Surtr, the fire giant from Norse mythology, because of its fiery birth.
Scientists from all over the world saw Surtsey as a natural laboratory to study geological and biological processes. The Icelandic government declared the island a nature reserve and made it off limits to humans to preserve its pristine state. Researchers have been monitoring the island since the beginning and documenting the changes in the landscape and the colonisation of the island by plants and animals. Surtsey’s research is still giving us valuable information about island biogeography, ecological succession and volcanic activity.
January 23rd 1973 Heimaey’s residents woke up to one of the biggest volcanic eruptions in Icelandic history. A fissure had opened on the eastern side of the island and lava and ash was flowing out. The eruption lasted until June and changed the landscape, infrastructure and the community of Heimaey. The Heimaey eruption is one of Iceland’s biggest natural disasters and shows the power of nature and the resilience of the islanders.
The eruption started just after midnight and caught Heimaey’s residents by surprise. As the lava flowed towards the town of Vestmannaeyjar, the biggest settlement on the island, the community quickly mobilised to evacuate. A severe storm the night before had brought almost the entire fishing fleet into the harbour, so evacuation was fast and efficient. Within hours almost all of Heimaey’s 5,300 residents were transported to the mainland, leaving behind their homes and belongings.
The first stages of the eruption were explosive with fountains of lava and ash clouds covering the island. The fissure eventually consolidated into a single volcanic vent and lava continued to flow. The lava was flowing towards the town and the harbour, the lifeblood of the island’s fishing industry. The Icelandic government and international experts quickly came up with a plan to save the harbour. They used big pumps and hoses to spray seawater onto the advancing lava flows and cool and solidify the lava to slow it down. This was called the “Battle for the Harbour” and was mostly successful in saving the harbour from destruction.
Despite all this the eruption was devastating. One third of the town of Vestmannaeyjar was buried under lava and ash and many homes, businesses and public buildings were destroyed. The new lava field, now called Eldfell (“Fire Mountain”) rose above the town and changed the landscape of the island. The eruption also created new land, extended the coastline of the island and increased its size. After the eruption the community had to rebuild. The Icelandic government provided a lot of support, financial aid, construction materials and expert advice. Many of the residents who had been evacuated to the mainland returned to Heimaey to rebuild their homes and their lives.
In 2006 plans were made for the world’s first open-water beluga whale sanctuary in Klettsvík Bay, Heimaey. The project was led by the SEA LIFE Trust and Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC) and shows the commitment of the Westman Islands to marine conservation. Heimaey is the home island and the only inhabited island in the Westman Islands archipelago.
The idea for the sanctuary came from growing concerns about the welfare of marine mammals in captivity. Beluga whales are intelligent and social animals and often suffer in the confined spaces and lack of stimulation in traditional marine parks and aquariums. The sanctuary project would address these issues by providing a large open-water environment where belugas could live more freely, explore and behave naturally.
Klettsvík Bay was chosen as the site for the sanctuary because of its good conditions; sheltered waters, plenty of space and relatively low human disturbance. The bay’s natural features would provide an ideal environment for the belugas; a diverse and dynamic habitat where they could explore and be enriched. A lot of planning and fundraising went into the project and involved scientists, marine biologists, engineers and conservationists. The project faced many logistical and technical challenges; netting and barriers had to be installed to ensure the whales’ safety and prevent escapes.
The opening of the Eldheimar Museum in 2008 was a big milestone in preserving and sharing the history of the Westman Islands, especially the 1973 Heimaey eruption. Located in Vestmannaeyjar the museum is dedicated to documenting and interpreting the volcanic eruption and its impact on the community. Eldheimar is both an educational centre and a memorial, where visitors can get a unique and immersive experience of the past.
The idea for the museum came from the desire to honour the resilience and determination of the islanders who survived and rebuilt after the eruption. The exhibits are designed to show the scale and intensity of the volcanic event and the human stories of survival, evacuation and rebuilding. Through multimedia displays, interactive exhibits and preserved artefacts Eldheimar tells the story of the eruption and its aftermath.
One of the museum’s most popular exhibits is a house that was buried under lava and ash during the eruption. This house, known as the “Pompeii of the North” was excavated and restored to show the extent of the damage and how it affected the daily life of the residents. You can walk through the house and see for yourself the destruction caused by the volcanic activity and get a sense of what the community went through.
Keiko the orca who starred in the movie “Free Willy” has a special connection to the Westman Islands that shows the region’s commitment to marine conservation. Keiko’s story from his life in captivity to his rehabilitation and release into the wild was an international sensation and raised awareness about the issues surrounding captive marine mammals. His legacy continues to inspire marine conservation and shows how important it is to give these intelligent and social animals natural habitats.
Keiko was caught off the coast of Iceland in 1979 and spent years in various marine parks and aquariums where he was trained to perform for the audience. His story became well known after the release of “Free Willy” in 1993 which told the fictional story of an orca’s escape from captivity and return to the wild. The movie sparked a public outcry for Keiko’s release and a big fundraising and advocacy campaign was launched to free him.
In 1998 Keiko was moved from the Oregon Coast Aquarium to a specially built rehabilitation facility in Klettsvík Bay, Heimaey. The Westman Islands were chosen because of its good conditions; cold, clean water and relatively quiet environment which was essential for Keiko’s health and to adapt to a more natural habitat. The facility had a big sea pen where Keiko could swim freely and gradually get used to life in the wild. Despite progress Keiko still sought human interaction showing the challenges of reintegrating captive animals into the wild.
In June 2019 the world’s first open-water beluga whale sanctuary opened in Klettsvík Bay, Heimaey. The project was led by the SEA LIFE Trust and Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC) to give beluga whales retired from entertainment and research facilities a more natural and stimulating environment. The sanctuary is a big step in marine conservation and sets a new standard for the care and rehabilitation of captive marine mammals.
The sanctuary was born out of the growing awareness of the problems beluga whales face in captivity. These intelligent and social animals suffer in the small spaces and lack of enrichment in traditional marine parks and aquariums. The sanctuary aimed to address these issues by giving belugas a big open-water environment where they could swim, be themselves and experience the ocean’s conditions.
Klettsvík Bay was chosen because of its good conditions; sheltered waters, plenty of space and diverse marine life. The bay’s natural features was perfect for the belugas to thrive physically and mentally. The bay was modified to accommodate the whales; netting and barriers was installed to ensure their safety and prevent escapes. The sanctuary had facilities for veterinary care, feeding and enrichment activities so the belugas would get all the support they needed. The first residents Little White and Little Grey settled in well so the project was a success.
By 2021 the Westman Islands had become a tourist and marine research destination attracting visitors from all over the world with its natural beauty, rich culture and cutting edge conservation. The expansion of tourism and marine research in the islands is a perfect balance between economic development and environmental stewardship and puts the islands on the global map and makes them more sustainable.
The Westman Islands has something for everyone. One of the most popular activities is puffin watching as the islands is home to one of the biggest puffin colonies in the world. Visitors can get up close to these cute birds especially on Heimaey where guided tours will give you insight into their behaviour and habitat. The puffin population peaks during breeding season so it’s a great wildlife watching experience. Boat trips are a must for visitors to explore the islands and see the natural wonders.
Hiking is another popular activity with many trails offering stunning views of the islands’ rugged landscape and volcanoes. The hike to the top of Eldfell the volcano that formed during the 1973 eruption gives you panoramic views of Heimaey and the ocean. Other trails lead to remote beaches, bird cliffs and historical sites so you can explore the islands’ natural and cultural heritage. Boat tours gives you a different perspective of the coastline, sea caves and marine life and adds to the experience. The south coast has stunning views and is bustling with tourists so it’s a great location for visitors. Guido Van Helten has also created artwork in North Iceland, adding to the cultural richness of the region.
The Westman Islands has a rich cultural heritage and it’s on display in various museums and historical sites. In addition to the Eldheimar Museum you can visit the Sagnheimar Folk Museum which has exhibits on the history, culture and daily life of the islands. The museum has artifacts, photographs and stories that shows the ingenuity of the islanders. The Westman Islands, part of South Iceland, is known for landmarks such as the rainbow stairs, the big handset and the memorial of drowned fishermen as well as historical events like the volcanic eruptions.
The National Festival (Þjóðhátíð) is the biggest event of the year and takes place every August. This multi day event has music, dancing, fireworks and various cultural activities and is a celebration of the islanders’ heritage and community. The festival has been running since 1874 so it’s one of Iceland’s oldest and most popular traditions. The rescue center for young puffins is a major tourist attraction, you can see the birds outside of the breeding season.
Tourism has brought a lot of benefits to the Westman Islands, to local businesses, jobs and community. But it also requires careful management so the influx of tourists doesn’t harm the fragile ecosystems. Sustainable tourism practices are emphasized and efforts are made to minimize the environmental impact and raise awareness among visitors.
Marine research has also expanded in the Westman Islands due to the unique opportunities the islands offer with its diverse ecosystems and geological features. Research institutions and universities collaborate on various projects, marine biology, volcanology and climate change. The beluga whale sanctuary has added to the islands’ reputation as a marine research hub.
Tourism and research has created a win-win situation where tourism revenue funds research and research informs sustainable tourism practices. Educational programs and visitor centers provides information about the islands’ natural history and conservation efforts and helps visitors to appreciate and understand the environment.
The Westman Islands is a model for sustainable development. They are preserving their natural and cultural heritage and welcoming visitors from all over the world. Smart growth and environmental management.
As more tourists and researchers arrive the Westman Islands will keep their uniqueness and work towards a sustainable future. The growth of tourism and marine research in 2021 is a sign of the islands’ progress and their status as a North Atlantic hotspot for resilience, innovation and conservation.
Heimaey, the largest island in the Westman Islands (Vestmannaeyjar) off the south coast of Iceland, had a catastrophic eruption in 1973. This changed the landscape of the island and the lives of the people living there. This article will look into the prophecy that foretold the disaster, the eruption itself, the evacuation and the aftermath and how the Heimaey community came together.
An old prophecy had been hanging over Vestmannaeyjar for centuries saying that pirates would once again raid the islands if three things happened:
In the beginning of 1973 all three of these conditions were met. The town had gone beyond Hásteinn, Vilpa pool was filled in after a young boy had drowned there and Karl Sigurbjörnsson, the son of a bishop, was ordained as a priest in Vestmannaeyjar. Instead of pirates, the islanders got a more severe natural disaster – a volcanic eruption.
Around 20:00 on January 21, 1973 small earthquakes started to occur around Heimaey. Although the inhabitants didn’t feel them, a seismograph 60 km away on the mainland registered over 100 big earthquakes between 01:00 and 03:00 on January 22. The earthquakes seemed to be coming from south of Heimaey and continued until 11:00 that day and then stopped until 23:00 that evening. From 23:00 until 01:34 on January 23 seven earthquakes were recorded, getting shallower and stronger as the epicenter moved closer to the town of Vestmannaeyjar. The biggest one measured 2.7 on the Richter scale.
Although the warning signs were there, the eruption was almost a surprise. At 01:55 on January 23 a fissure opened on the eastern side of the island, just 1 km from the center of Heimaey. The fissure grew from 300 meters to 2 km long and crossed the island from one shore to the other. Submarine activity occurred at the northern and southern ends of the fissure. Lava fountaining 50-150 meters high occurred along the whole fissure which was 3 km long in the first few hours of the eruption. The volcanic activity was intense with lava fountaining 50-150 meters high along the fissure. The activity soon concentrated on one vent about 800 meters north of the old volcano Helgafell and just outside the eastern edge of the town.
In the first days of the eruption the rate of lava and tephra was 100 m3/s. Within two days the lava fountains had built a cinder cone 100 meters high. Initially named Kirkjufell (Church Mountain) because of its proximity to Kirkjubær, the official Icelandic place-naming committee named it Eldfell volcano (Fire Mountain) despite local opposition. The Strombolian eruptions continued until February 19, deposited tephra on the northern half of the island and added to the cone until it was 200 meters high. The eruption column reached 9,000 meters high, almost to the tropopause. Lava flows from the cone went north and east and created a growing lava delta along the eastern coast of the island and into the harbour.
The first lava from Eldfell was mugearitic but within a few weeks the volcano was erupting less fractionated hawaiitic lava. By early May the lava flow was 9.1-21.0 meters high, averaging 37 meters and in some places 100 meters thick. The flow carried large blocks from the main cone that had broken off and volcanic bombs. The high viscosity of the lava fragments created a massive ʻaʻā flow that moved slowly but surely north, northeast and east.
Gases were collected from several locations and showed that gases from cooling submerged lava flows were 70% hydrogen. Poisonous gas was found in low areas on the eastern part of Vestmannaeyjar. Efforts to divert the gas included building a wall and digging a long trench for steam to escape but it wasn’t fully effective.
In the first hours of the eruption the Icelandic State Civil Defence Organisation evacuated the whole population of Heimaey. Because of the storms in the days before the eruption almost the whole fishing fleet was in the harbour so the evacuation was very quick. The population was alerted to the situation by fire engines sounding their sirens and the people gathered at the harbour with only what they could carry. The first boats left for Þorlákshöfn at about 02:30, just 30 minutes after the eruption started.
Most of the population left the island by boat. Luckily the lava flows and tephra fall didn’t affect the airstrip (Vestmannaeyjar Airport) so a few people, mostly elderly and hospital patients, could be evacuated by air. Planes from Reykjavík and Keflavik helped to speed up the process. Within 6 hours of the eruption the whole of the 5,300 population was on the mainland. A few people stayed behind to do essential work and to salvage belongings from threatened houses. Livestock on the island was slaughtered and the evacuated population found shelter and housing on the mainland with friends, relatives and strangers.
Houses close to the rift were destroyed by lava flows and tephra fall within days. A few days after the eruption started the wind direction changed to west and tephra fell all over the island and caused a lot of damage to property. Many houses were destroyed by the weight of the ash fall but crews of volunteers who cleared ash from roofs and boarded up windows saved many more. By the end of January tephra covered most of the island, up to 5 meters deep in some places. Some houses were also burned by lava bombs or overridden by the advancing lava flow.
By early February tephra fall had subsided but lava flows were causing damage. Submarine activity just north of the fissure cut an electric power cable and a water pipeline from the mainland which supplied electricity and water to the island. Lava was flowing towards the harbour and threatened the fishing industry, which is the lifeblood of the island. The island's fishing fleet played a crucial role in the swift evacuation process during the natural disaster, highlighting its importance to the community. If the harbour was blocked the impact on the Icelandic economy would be big as Heimaey was responsible for about 3% of the country’s GNP. Efforts were made to save the harbour by spraying seawater onto the lava flows to cool and slow them down.
Lava flows also flowed into the sea east of the island and created new land, adding over 2 km² to the island’s area. The flows were thick and blocky ʻaʻā lava, covering the ground to an average depth of about 40 meters, up to 100 meters in some places. Later in the eruption a surge of lava destroyed a fish processing plant and damaged two others and the town’s power generating plant.
Despite the eruption being so close to the town and the damage to property, only one fatality was caused by the eruption – a man who suffocated from toxic fumes after breaking into a chemist’s store to get drugs. Carbon dioxide and other poisonous gases accumulated in buildings partially buried by tephra and affected several people who entered these buildings.
Mitigation efforts included building a big tephra wall to divert gases and digging a trench to channel away carbon dioxide. These measures were only partly effective as some gases came from deep within the volcanic conduit and percolated through older volcanic rocks and rose directly into the town.
The biggest threat was the lava cutting off the harbour. One contingency plan was to cut through a low sand spit on the north side of the island to create a new entrance to the harbour. But efforts focused on cooling the lava to prevent this from happening. Lava had been sprayed with water in Hawaii and on Mount Etna with limited success. But Professor Þorbjörn Sigurgeirsson’s experiment showed that cooling the lava would slow it down.
The first attempt to cool the lava flow was on February 6 with 100 liters of seawater per second. It worked and the flow changed from blocky and red to jagged and grey. With cooling of the lava proven to work, efforts were increased. By early March the dredging boat Sandey was brought in to spray up to 400 liters per second onto the flow. The wooden supports for the pipes caught fire where the lava was hottest and the aluminum supports melted but the pipes themselves didn’t melt as the cold seawater flowing through them kept them cool.
The lava cooling operations were the biggest ever done. Up to 12,000 square meters of lava flow could be cooled at a time and internal barriers created within the flow would thicken and pile up on top of each other. It was dangerous work with low visibility due to steam emissions. The pipelayers were nicknamed ‘The Suicide Squad’ and they advanced through the steam to lay more pipes, managed to lay pipes up to 130 meters into the flow.
By the end of March a fifth of the town was covered by lava flows. More pumping capacity was needed and thirty-two pumps were brought in from the US. These pumps slowed down the lava flow and by early May the flow stopped. The entire cooling operation cost around $1.45 million.
The lava cooling operation worked and the harbour was not blocked. The eruption made headlines around the world and got a lot of coverage especially for the innovative measures to stop the lava flows. The eruption led to an increase in tourism, as the innovative measures to stop the lava flows attracted global attention. The island’s response to the eruption brought an increase in tourism after the eruption was over.
The lava output decreased steadily after the first few days. From 100 cubic meters per second in the beginning to 60 cubic meters per second on February 8 and 10 cubic meters per second by mid-March. By mid-April it was down to 5 cubic meters per second. A short-lived submarine activity was discovered by a fishing vessel on May 26 north east of Heimaey. The eruption ended in early July but subsurface flows may have continued for a few days more.
In total the eruption emitted around 0.25 cubic kilometers of lava and tephra and added about 2.5 square kilometers of new land to the island, increasing the area by about 20%. The harbour entrance was narrowed but not blocked and the new lava flow acted as a breakwater and improved the harbour. The lava chunk called Flakkarinn stopped well away from the water’s edge and didn’t cause any further damage.
By the end of 1975 the population of the Westman Islands was back to around 85% of the pre-eruption level. Of those who had houses destroyed 42% didn’t return and 27% of those who didn’t have their houses destroyed returned. The recovery efforts were often hampered by bad weather, including strong winds and heavy rain, which made transportation and rebuilding efforts more challenging. By 1974 the fishing companies in the Westman Islands were back to normal production. The new lava field improved the harbour and the forced displacement had a positive effect on the income and education of those under 25 years old at the time of the eruption.
The inside of lava flows can stay hot for many years. After the eruption scientists assessed the possibility of utilising geothermal energy from the cooling flows. By 1974 the first house was connected to an experimental heating system. By 1979 four bigger plants were built to extract heat from the flows and produced up to 40 megawatts of power and hot water for almost every house on the island.
The tephra from the eruption was used to extend the runways at the small airport on the island and as landfill for 200 new houses. By mid 1974 about half the pre-eruption population had returned and by March 1975 about 80% had returned. The recovery and reconstruction was funded by a hypothecated sales tax paid by all Icelanders and international aid of $2.1 million, mostly from Denmark and the US. The improved harbour allowed the fishing industry to get back to normal and Heimaey became the most important fishing centre in Iceland.
By the end of the eruption Eldfell was about 220 meters above sea level. Since then it has dropped 18-20 meters due to slumping, compaction and wind erosion. The islanders have planted grass around the lower slopes of the hill which is otherwise bare. Eventually most of the volcano will be covered in grass like its neighbour Helgafell.
The 1973 eruption was a turning point for Heimaey and the Westman Islands. It changed the physical landscape, tested the people and left a lasting legacy that still affects the island today. From the efficient evacuation and heroic efforts during the eruption to the amazing recovery and innovations that followed the story of Heimaey is a proof of human resilience and the ability to rebuild after natural disasters.
The lessons from the 1973 eruption are still used in disaster preparedness and response worldwide. The geothermal energy and urban planning innovations are a model for sustainable development in other disaster prone areas. The ongoing research and educational programs ensure that the knowledge from this event is passed on to future generations.
For the people of Heimaey the eruption is more than just a historical event; it's a living memory that shapes their identity and community spirit. Annual commemorations, museum exhibits and educational programs make sure the story of the eruption and the people of the island is never forgotten.
Come and visit Westman Islands, including Heimaey and see this special island and its history. The dramatic landscapes created by volcanic forces give a glimpse into the natural forces that are still shaping our world. The friendly community, resilient and innovative, is the spirit of adaptation. Take a boat tour around the island to explore the rugged coastline and experience local marine life, including whales, dolphins, and seabirds. Heimaey is a proof of human strength against nature’s power.
Westman Islands or as the locals call it Vestmannaeyjar the hidden pearl of Iceland. The Islands never get crowded with people since the ferry is the only way to travel to the Island, the beautiful and spectacular scenaery mixed with the rich history and stories from the locals make Vestman Islands a unique place to visit. This is a guide that will help you plan your perfect trip and stay on the Island.
The Westman Islands, or Vestmannaeyjar, are an archipelago off the south coast of Iceland. 15 islands and numerous rock stacks. Volcanic landscapes, rich history and wildlife. Of these islands Heimaey is the biggest and the only inhabited one, natural beauty and cultural attractions. The Westman Islands are a popular day trip destination from Reykjavik or the South Coast.
Heimaey Island is the centre of the Westman Islands where nature and history meet. From its dramatic volcanic landscape to its quaint town Heimaey has something for everyone. Whether you’re an adventurer, nature lover or history buff Westman Islands will be an experience to remember.
In this guide we will cover everything you need to know about visiting the Westman Islands. We will look at how to get there, what to see and do, where to stay and practical tips to make your trip easy and fun. Read on and discover Westman Islands and plan your perfect trip to the Westman Islands.
The Westman Islands, or Vestmannaeyjar, are an archipelago off the south coast of Iceland. They are known for their rugged beauty and rich history. The islands were formed by volcanic activity around 11,000 years ago. One of the most famous events in their history is the creation of Surtsey Island which emerged from the sea during a volcanic eruption in 1963.
The islands are named after Irish slaves who escaped to the islands after killing their Norse master Hjörleifur Hróðmarsson around the 9th century. The Norse called these escaped slaves “Vestmenn” meaning “Westmen” and that’s how the islands got their name. The Westman Islands have many more fascinating stories to tell. Heimaey Island is the biggest of the group and has seen some big events in its history, the invasion of the Barbary Pirates in 1627 and the eruption of the Eldfell volcano in 1973, which led to a month-long evacuation of the entire population to mainland Iceland.
Today the Westman Islands are famous for their landscapes, wildlife and culture. Visitors can explore volcanic craters, birdwatching sites and historic landmarks. The islands are also home to one of the world’s biggest puffin colonies so they are a birdwatcher’s paradise.
Heimaey Island is the biggest and only inhabited island in the Westman Islands archipelago. A place of natural beauty and community life. The island is 13.4 km² and has around 4,700 inhabitants.
This little island has faced significant historical events such as the pirate invasion and volcanic eruptions. Heimaey is a volcanic landscape with the Eldfell and Helgafell volcanoes. The last eruption was in 1973 when Eldfell erupted and damaged the town of Vestmannaeyjabær. Today the volcanic landscape is a major attraction and offers unique hiking opportunities and views.
Heimaey is also known for its wildlife. Every summer millions of puffins and other seabirds come to the island to breed. The cliffs and rocky shores are the perfect nesting sites for these birds. Besides birdwatching visitors can hike, boat and explore the island’s many natural and historical sites.
Getting to the Westman Islands is easy. The most common way is by the ferry Herjólfur. The ferry departs from Landeyjahöfn on the south coast of Iceland and takes 40 minutes to get to the Westman Islands. The ferry ride is a great way to see the Icelandic coast and the islands.
If you prefer guided tours there are day tours to the Westman Islands from Reykjavik. These tours include transportation, guided tour of the island and sometimes meals. This is a convenient way to see the best of the Westman Islands.
Once on Heimaey there are several ways to get around. The island is small so walking is a popular and easy option. Most of the main attractions are within walking distance of the harbor so it’s easy to explore the island on foot.
Biking is another great way to see the Westman Islands. Bikes can be rented on the island and there are several bike routes to choose from. Biking allows you to see more than walking and is a fun way to experience the island’s natural beauty.
If you prefer to drive you can also bring a car to the island. Cars can be transported on the ferry and there are car rental options on the island. Having a car gives you more flexibility and is useful for visiting the more remote parts of the island, like the puffin nesting sites at Stórhöfði.
Eldheimar Museum is a must see on Heimaey. This museum tells the story of the 1973 eruption. The eruption of Eldfell volcano buried about 400 houses in lava and ash and the whole population had to evacuate the island. The museum is built around one of the houses that was excavated from the lava and is a unique and immersive experience.
Inside the museum you can see how the eruption affected the town and its residents. The exhibits include photos, videos and personal stories from those who lived through the eruption. There are also interactive displays where you can learn more about volcanic activity and its impact on the environment.
Eldheimar Museum is not only a place to learn about the island’s history but also a place to reflect on the strength of its people. The museum’s name means “Home of Fire” and is a fitting tribute to the islanders who rebuilt their lives after the disaster.
Hiking Eldfell Mountain is one of the top activities on the Westman Islands. Eldfell means “Fire Mountain” in Icelandic and is a volcano that erupted in 1973 and created a new landscape on the island. The hike to the top of Eldfell is easy and takes 30-40 minutes.
The trail to Eldfell starts near the Eldheimar Museum and goes through the lava fields. As you hike up the mountain you’ll see signs of the eruption, lava rocks and craters. The trail is well marked and suitable for most fitness levels but can be steep in some parts.
The view from the top of Eldfell is stunning. On a clear day you can see the whole island, the surrounding ocean and even the mainland of Iceland. The summit offers a unique perspective on the island’s volcanic landscape and is great for photos. Make sure to wear good shoes and bring water as the hike can be tough in some parts.
The Sea Life Trust Beluga Whale Sanctuary is a special and sweet attraction on the Westman Islands. This sanctuary is home to two beluga whales, Little Grey and Little White, who were rescued from a marine park in China. The sanctuary is a safe and natural environment for the whales to swim and play in the open water. Check the weather before you plan your visit as bad weather can affect the experience and may cancel the visit.
On the sanctuary you can learn about the whales and their journey to the Westman Islands. The sanctuary offers guided tours that include a visit to the whale enclosure and an exhibition about marine conservation. The tours are educational and suitable for all ages.
Besides the beluga whales the sanctuary also has a puffin rescue center. Puffins are common on the Westman Islands and the rescue center takes care of injured and orphaned birds. You can see the puffins up close and learn about the efforts to protect these cute birds. The Sea Life Trust Beluga Whale Sanctuary is a must see for animal lovers and those interested in marine conservation.
Elephant Rock is one of the most famous natural attractions on the Westman Islands. This rock formation looks like an elephant with its trunk dipping into the sea is a must see for visitors. The rock’s shape and texture is formed by volcanic activity and is great for photography.
The best way to see Elephant Rock is from the water. Several boat tours go around the island and offer a close up view of this amazing formation. The tours also visit other sea caves and rock formations. A scenic and educational experience.
If you prefer to stay on land you can also see Elephant Rock from the Westman Islands Golf Course. Although it’s from a distance it’s still a great opportunity to see the shape of the rock. By boat or on land Elephant Rock is a must see on Westman Island.
Boat tours are a great way to explore the Westman Islands and see the natural beauty from a different perspective. The tours go around Westman Island and sometimes to other islands in the archipelago. You’ll see sea caves, cliffs and the abundant birdlife up close. After the tour you can eat at one of the several restaurants on the island that offers many different dining options.
One of the most popular boat tours is the Heimaey Circle Tour. This tour goes around the whole island and you’ll see the different landscapes and wildlife. Highlights are sailing into sea caves, seeing puffins and other seabirds and the dramatic cliffs and lava formations.
If you want a bit more adventure the RIB (rigid inflatable boat) tours are a great choice. These fast tours cover more ground in less time and is a thrill ride. You’ll also see wildlife like whales and seals. Whatever tour you choose a boat tour is a must do when visiting the Westman Islands.
Skansinn is a historic fort on Westman Island from the 16th century. It was originally built to defend the island from pirate attacks and later from British invasions. Today Skansinn is a popular tourist attraction and a glimpse into the island’s turbulent past.
Next to Skansinn is Stafkirkjan a beautiful wooden stave church. This church was a gift from Norway to Iceland in 2000 to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of Christianity in Iceland. The church’s wooden architecture and peaceful surroundings makes it a nice place to visit.
Both Skansinn and Stafkirkjan are within walking distance from the harbour and can be included in a day of exploring Westman Islands. You can walk along the paths that follow the original street grid, now partly covered by lava from the 1973 eruption. These sites gives a great insight into the island’s history and culture.
If you prefer a guided tour bus tours of Westman Island is a great option. The tours cover all the main attractions of the island and the guides are very knowledgeable. They are especially good for those with limited time.
One of the most popular tours is the Puffin and Volcano Minibus Tour. This tour takes you to the best puffin watching spots and includes a visit to the Eldfell volcano and the Sea Life Trust Beluga Whale Sanctuary. The tour covers all the natural and cultural highlights of the island.
Bus tours are around 1.5 to 2 hours and depart from locations near the harbour. They are a great way to see the main sights without having to walk or bike a lot. Book in advance especially during the summer months.
Stórhöfði or Great Cape is located at the southernmost point of Westman Island. It’s a popular spot for birdwatching, specifically for seeing puffins, guillemots, and other seabirds nesting on the cliffs. It’s called the windiest place in Europe and offers stunning views of the ocean and the surrounding islands. Stórhöfði is also one of the best places to see puffins on the island.
The puffins nest in the cliffs and grassy slopes of Stórhöfði and can be seen here from May to August. During this time thousands of puffins come to the island to breed and it’s a real spectacle. You can see the puffins up close and take great photos.
Besides puffin watching Stórhöfði is home to one of Iceland’s oldest lighthouses, built in 1906. The lighthouse is part of the scenery and a great place to visit for its historical value.
The Sagnheimar Folk Museum is a new museum on Westman Islands, opened in 2011. Curated by local people it tells the story of the Westman Islands and its people. The museum gives a great insight into the island’s history, culture and daily life.
The exhibits at the Sagnheimar Folk Museum covers the island’s volcanic eruptions, fishing industry and famous local people. There are also interactive exhibits and activities for children like dressing up as pirates. The museum is suitable for all ages.
The Sagnheimar Folk Museum is open daily during summer and weekends during winter. Admission is free for children under 18 so it’s a great family destination. The museum gives a great and fun overview of life on Westman Island.
Heimaklettur or Home Rock is a big rock formation situated across the harbour on Westman Island. It’s the highest point on the island, 283 meters (928 feet) high. Climbing Heimaklettur is a challenging but great activity with stunning views.
The hike to Heimaklettur involves a trail with chains and ladders to help you climb the steep parts. The hike takes about 45 minutes to an hour depending on fitness level and weather. The trail can be tricky especially in bad weather so be prepared.
The views from the top of Heimaklettur are amazing. Climbers are rewarded with a 360 degree view of Westman Island, the ocean and the other Westman Islands. The climb is not for the faint of heart but if you make it to the top it’s an experience you won’t forget.
The Brothers Brewery is a local craft brewery on Westman Island where you can unwind after a day of exploring. The brewery was founded by two brothers who are passionate about brewing good beer using local ingredients. It’s become a local and tourist favourite.
At the Brothers Brewery you can take a tour to learn about the brewing process and the history of the brewery. The tour includes a tasting where you can try different beers, from classic lagers to craft beers. The brewery is a cozy place to unwind.
The Brothers Brewery is open daily from 2 PM till late. It’s located in the middle of Vestmannaeyjabær so it’s easy to visit after a day of sightseeing. Whether you’re a beer lover or just looking for a nice place to chill out the Brothers Brewery is a must see.
Sprangan or rope swinging is a traditional Westman Islands sport. It’s swinging on ropes to collect seabird eggs from the cliffs. This has been part of the islanders way of life for centuries and is now a popular activity for visitors to try.
You can try Sprangan at a special training ground near the harbour. The training ground has ropes for beginners to practice their swinging skills. It’s a fun and challenging activity that requires strength and coordination. Safety equipment is provided and instructors are on hand to guide you.
Sprangan is a great way to experience a part of Westman Islands culture. It’s an adventure and a chance to test your agility. While it can be tough it’s also super rewarding and you’ll feel accomplished.
If you only have one day on Westman Islands here’s a suggested itinerary:
This itinerary covers all the main sights on Westman Islands so you can make the most of your day. Adjust as needed to your interests and the weather.
If you decide to stay overnight on Westman Islands there are several options to choose from. The island has hotels, guesthouses and rental properties to suit all budgets and tastes.
Hotel Vestmannaeyjar is a top choice for visitors. Centrally located with comfortable rooms, restaurant and great service. A great base to explore the island and within walking distance of many of the restaurants and attractions.
According to the New York Times, it's one of the top travel destinations for 2024 : the perfect place for new and seasoned travelers.
For a more budget option guesthouses and hostels are available. These offer a warm and homely atmosphere. Many guesthouses offer breakfast and local advice.
Rental properties are another option if you prefer more privacy and space. There are several vacation rentals on the island from apartments to cottages. Renting a property allows you to live island life on your own terms and is great for families or groups.
Westman Islands is small so getting around is easy. Walking is a great option for the town and nearby attractions. If you want to cover more ground biking is a good choice. Bikes can be rented on the island and there are several scenic routes to follow.
If you prefer driving you can bring your car on the ferry or rent one on the island. Having a car gives you more flexibility and is useful for visiting more remote areas like the puffin nesting sites at Stórhöfði.
Be careful when exploring the natural attractions on the island. Always stay on marked paths and be careful around cliffs and steep areas. The weather can change fast so be prepared for different conditions. Wear good shoes and bring water when hiking.
The weather on Westman Islands can be unpredictable so pack accordingly. Dress in layers to stay warm in different temperatures. A waterproof jacket is a must as it can rain at any time. Wear good shoes for hiking and exploring.
In addition to clothing pack sunscreen, hat and sunglasses for sunny days. A small backpack is useful for carrying water, snacks and other essentials. If you are visiting during puffin season bring a camera with a zoom lens to capture these cute birds.
Being prepared for different weather will make your visit to Westman Islands comfortable and enjoyable. Check the weather forecast before you go and pack accordingly.
MATEY Seafood Festival in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, for an amazing culinary experience. Learn about Vestmannaeyjar and enjoy the finest seafood and fish dishes from local restaurants, fish processors, and food producers. Experience a variety of regional and fusion dishes prepared by world-class guest chefs at family-run restaurants. We cordially invite you to visit Vestmannaeyjar, which is one of Iceland's top gastronomic attractions.
Matey seafood, el secreto mejor guardado de Islandia
An Epicurean Extravaganza in Iceland - The MATEY Seafood Festival
Westman Islands is a special and beautiful place in Iceland. Westman Islands with its dramatic landscapes, rich history and wildlife offers something for everyone. From hiking volcanoes to museums and puffins, there is something for all.
Happy New Year! As we bid farewell to another awesome Christmas it’s hard to believe it’s all over already. For many of us Christmas is a time of fun, warmth and special moments with family and friends. Homes and streets are adorned with Christmas lights, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere. But as one holiday ends another begins here on our beautiful island – Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn). This is the perfect way to round off the holiday season, folklore, community and a dash of magic.
Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) is not just saying goodbye to Christmas, it’s a big deal in Icelandic culture and mythology. We say goodbye to the Yule Lads, our 13 Santas who have visited us each night leading up to Christmas. These naughty characters, along with their troll brothers and their scary parents Grýla and Leppalúði, come down from the mountains to join the locals for a night of revelry. The Northern Lights add an enchanting touch to the Icelandic festive season, with vibrant hues dancing across the sky.
The roots of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) are in Icelandic folklore where the ordinary and the magical are blurred and anything can happen. This is more than a holiday, it’s a celebration of our heritage where stories and legends come to life for young and old. As the Yule Lads head back to the mountains they do so with a big send off, torch lit processions, fireworks and parades with music and laughter.
For us islanders Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) is a time to get together with family and friends, to enjoy the last of the holiday fun. It’s a time when our little community comes together, bound by tradition and the making of new memories. As we walk through the snowy streets, lit by torches and fireworks we are reminded of the magic of this night and the old stories that still inspire us.
Whether you are an islander or a visitor Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) is an experience you will never forget. The atmosphere, the folklore and the community all add up to an event that will stay with you long after the last firework has gone. So let’s get into the traditions, stories and celebrations of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) and see what makes it the best night of the year.
In Iceland we have thirteen Santas, also known as the Yule Lads. These naughty but nice characters live in the mountains with their family. Thirteen days before Christmas they start visiting the town one by one. Each night they leave a small gift in the shoes that children put in their windows. This fun tradition helps to shorten the wait until Christmas. On the 6th of January the Santas leave town but they don’t go quietly. Let me tell you about this amazing evening that everyone, especially the kids, are looking forward to. For adults it’s a big show and a great time to spend with family and friends. Here’s a look into how we, my family, enjoy Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn), through our favourite photos.
The Yule Lads are a big part of Icelandic folklore. Each of the thirteen Santas has his own personality and name, often reflecting their naughtiness. For example there’s Spoon-Licker who steals wooden spoons to lick off the food and Door-Slammer who loves to slam doors at night. These characters have been a part of Icelandic Christmas for centuries and add to the magic of the holiday season. The anticipation of their nightly visits keeps the festive spirit alive and makes each day leading up to Christmas special for the kids.
In addition to the Yule Lads, Icelandic Christmas traditions also feature the Christmas Cat, a mythical creature believed to eat children who did not receive new clothes for Christmas. This legend adds a unique and historical significance to the folklore.
The Yule Lads departure on Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) marks the end of the Christmas season in Iceland. But their goodbye is not a sad one. It’s a big show and the holiday season ends on a high. Families and friends gather to see the Santas off and it’s a great time to spend with family and friends. This communal celebration strengthens the bonds within the community and creates memories that will last.
Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) is not just about the Yule Lads leaving but also about celebrating their time with us. The fun they bring during their thirteen day visit is tangible, kids put their shoes in the windows each night hoping for a small gift or treat. This anticipation builds up to magic and wonder that peaks on Twelfth Night. As the Yule Lads are leaving the community comes together in a big and heartfelt celebration, creating an atmosphere of joy, togetherness and happiness.
We start the evening with a nice dinner. Smoked lamb, or hangikjöt, is a traditional dish enjoyed during the festive season, often served with laufabrauð, white béchamel sauce, green peas, and red cabbage. Early in the evening we get the kids ready for the night ahead, dress them up warm. The smallest kids often wear Santa costumes as the Santas love to see them. Then we all walk together to where the Santas will come down from the mountain. It’s a beautiful sight to see them in a line as they light their torches. They wave to the crowd from the mountain side before they start their descent, while we enjoy a great firework display.
The preparations for Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) start weeks in advance. Parents make sure the kids have warm clothes, hats, gloves and boots to keep them warm. Special care is taken to make sure the little ones are comfy, as they will be outside for a few hours. The excitement is in the air as everyone is waiting for the Yule Lads and their entourage. Families gather early to get a good spot to watch the procession and it feels like a big community event.
As the Santas come down the mountain the atmosphere is charged with excitement. The torches they carry light up the night and it’s a magical sight for both kids and adults. Fireworks explode in the sky and it’s the start of the party. The Santas descent is a well rehearsed show, each step brings them closer to the waiting crowd. The Yule Lads in their bright costumes and twinkling eyes is a joy and wonder for everyone.
For us the highlight of the evening is when the Santas get to the town. The kids eyes light up with excitement and anticipation, they know they are about to see something magic. The Santas with their warm smiles and waving hands make each child feel special and loved. It’s a beautiful sight to see the kids faces light up as the Santas approach. This is a family tradition we look forward to every year and creates memories that will last forever.
The excitement grows as the Santas get closer. In Icelandic traditions, the Yule Lads are akin to Santa Claus, bringing gifts and mischief for 26 days before Christmas. Not only are the Santa Clauses coming down but also the big and scary trolls and Grýla and Leppalúði. According to the legend they eat naughty children so there’s a mix of curiosity, excitement and a bit of fear for the kids. But the Santas are always friendly. Then a wagon with the trolls, Grýla and Leppalúði appears and then the 13 Santas with their torches. Music starts and we join a big procession up the street.
The procession is the best part of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn). It’s a colourful, noisy and joyful event. Families line the streets and cheer and wave as the procession passes by. The Santas lead the way followed closely by the trolls and their scary parents. The contrast between the friendly Santas and the scary trolls makes it even more exciting for the kids. The music is lively and festive and we all join in the fun.
As the procession moves through the town it stops several times so the characters can interact with the crowd. The Santas hand out small gifts and treats to the kids and the trolls do some playfulness. This creates a connection between the characters and the audience and makes it feel more personal. The kids are especially happy to see their favorite Yule Lads up close and get a small gift from them. The procession continues and moves through the streets and spreads joy and fun everywhere.
The procession ends with a big finale at an old playing field. Here the Santas light a bonfire with their torches, symbolizing the warmth and light they bring during the dark winter. The bonfire is a gathering point for the community where everyone comes together to see the show and be with friends and family. The crackling fire and glowing embers is cozy and invites you to stay and party all night. It’s a perfect ending to a night of magic.
The procession continues and stops along the way to meet more trolls, some even bigger than the ones we’ve seen. The procession ends at an old playing field where the Santas light a bonfire with their torches. More naughty trolls run around the field some of them greet the locals and some playfully tease them.
Meeting the trolls is exciting and a bit scary for the kids. These characters from the folklore are brought to life with amazing costumes and performances. Some trolls wave to the kids and some play pranks on the crowd. This unpredictability adds to the fun of the evening.
The bonfire is a big part of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn). When the Santas light it with their torches it symbolizes the warmth and light the Yule Lads bring during the dark winter. The bonfire is a gathering point for the community where everyone comes together to see the show and be with friends and family. The crackling fire and glowing embers is cozy and invites you to stay and party all night.
As the night goes on the field becomes a playground of fantasy and fun. Kids run around playing and interacting with the characters. The Santa Clauses are always up for a good time and chat with the kids and take photos. This level of interaction makes it feel personal and special and creates memories that will last a lifetime. Seeing the kids faces light up with joy and wonder is proof of the magic of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn).
When most of the trolls are gathered the fairies arrive. This was my favorite part when I was a little girl. Seeing the fairies dance in their colorful shiny clothes was magical especially since I was always a bit scared of the trolls. The fairies were kind and gentle and added a touch of magic to the night.
An Icelandic horse resting beside enchanting turf buildings adds to the magical atmosphere, blending seamlessly with the folklore and natural beauty of the landscape.
The fairies arrival is pure magic. Dressed in vibrant shimmering costumes they dance around the bonfire, mesmerizing the audience with their beauty and elegance. They are the complete opposite of the rough and rowdy trolls. The fairies dance is choreographed to perfection, every movement tells a story of magic and grace. Kids and adults alike watch in awe, completely entranced by the fairies.
The fairies dance is often accompanied by soft music that adds to the magic. The combination of their movements and the music is like a dream and transports you to a world of fantasy and wonder. For many kids this is the best part of the evening, they get to see their favorite mythical creatures come to life in a beautiful way. The fairies also adds balance to the event so there’s something for everyone no matter your age or interest.
The fairies arrival is the peak of the magic of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn). Their otherworldly presence adds a touch of whimsy and fantasy to the night. As they dance around the bonfire their colorful costumes shine in the firelight and it’s mesmerizing to watch. This is a reminder of the power of folklore and the joy it brings to our lives.
Being out there with all these mythical creatures is pure bliss. The kids are in fantasy and the Santa Clauses walk around the bonfire creating magic. Brave kids can enter the field and walk with the Santas. Everyone’s having so much fun watching the kids see the trolls even if some are a little scared but very excited. On Christmas Eve, families exchange gifts and enjoy a special festive meal, adding to the anticipation and excitement of the night.
The field becomes a playground of fantasy and fun, kids run around, play and interact with the characters. The Santa Clauses are always up for a good time and chat with the kids and take photos. This level of interaction makes it feel personal and special and creates memories that will last a lifetime. Seeing the kids faces light up with joy and wonder is proof of the magic of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn). The Christmas Book Flood, where families exchange and read books on Christmas Eve, further enriches the festive atmosphere and celebrates the joy of reading.
In the middle of all this chaos the community spirit is shining bright. Families and friends are together, laughing and making memories. The atmosphere is warm and fun as everyone is in festive mode. The kids laughter, the bonfire and the interaction with the characters all adds to the magic of the night.
In the middle of all the fun another big firework show happens. This is the best part of the night. After that the biggest trolls get tired and start to leave we head home. At home I make hot chocolate and a cake buffet, a tradition that my family and friends always look forward to after being out in the cold.
The grand finale of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) is a big firework show that lights up the sky. The fireworks are a kaleidoscope of colors and patterns, it’s breathtaking to watch. This is the perfect end to a magical and fun night. As the last of the fireworks fade away the crowd is satisfied and happy knowing they were a part of something special.
After the fireworks we head home and warm up with hot chocolate and cake. This post celebration gathering is a tradition in our family where we can relax and unwind after the night. The hot chocolate and cake is the perfect comfort after being out in the cold. Friends and family gather around and share stories and laughter and enjoy each others company. It’s a great way to end the day and say goodbye to the Yule Lads for another year.
Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) is a mixed bag. It’s the end of the holiday season but it’s also a feeling of joy and contentment. The memories from this night will be kept for years to come as a reminder of the warmth, community and magic of Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn). It’s a night that brings people together and celebrates the traditions and folklore that makes Icelandic culture so special. It’s also a time to wish everyone a Merry Christmas and cherish the unique customs of the season.
Twelfth Night (Þrettándinn) is a night filled with magic, tradition, and joy. From the descending Santas to the playful trolls and graceful fairies, it’s an evening that captivates the hearts of both children and adults. Icelandic Christmas traditions, including the mischievous Yule Lads, the Christmas Cat, and the 13 days of Christmas celebrations, add to the cultural richness of this festive period. If you ever find yourself in Iceland during this time, don’t miss the chance to be part of this unique celebrati
Þjóðhátíð ( the national festival) is held in Vestmannaeyjar and it is the biggest music festival in Iceland and it lasts for three days. It starts on a friday and ends on a monday morning. It is a music and family festival and is just one of a kind. It has something for everyone both young and old. During the day we are entertaining the kids and having traditional family gathering in the white local tents. In the evenings all of the people are sitting together in the grassy hill in front of the main stage, and enjoy and listen to all of the best local artists in Iceland.
It’s not just an event, it’s a big party. The whole community comes together. Visitors can do many things. These show the island’s traditions and modern culture. The atmosphere is fun. Families and friends meet. The festival grounds are decorated. Music and laughter in the air.
One of the best things about Þjóðhátíð is that everyone can do it. People of all ages find something to do. There’s music, food and cultural displays. Tradition and modernity blends. That’s a lot of fun for everyone.
Þjóðhátíð started in 1874. It was 1,000 years since Iceland was settled. A big festival was planned at Þingvellir to celebrate 1,000 years of Christianity. Bad weather prevented people from the Westman Islands to travel to the mainland. Instead they created their own festival on the islands. And that’s how the National Festival (Þjóðhátíð) was born. This tradition has been kept and grown over the years.
At first the festival was small. It showed the tight community of the Westman Islands. Locals gathered to celebrate their heritage. They sang traditional Icelandic songs, danced and played games. This kept their rich culture alive. The festival is also a part of the rich history of the Westman Islands, which adds to the overall experience of visitors. Over time the festival grew. More people from the mainland and other places joined. By the early 20th century Þjóðhátíð was a big event in Iceland. Better transportation made it easier for visitors to get to the island. That boosted the festival and brought new ideas.
The festival’s key is to be able to adapt. It has changed but stays true to itself. Modern music attracts the young. Old traditions keep the older ones happy. That’s how the festival appeals to all ages. The bonfire on the first night, an old custom of community warmth and unity, is still a big part of the festival. People gather to watch the fire. It lights up the sky and that’s togetherness and shared history.
One of the best things about Þjóðhátíð is the feeling. As the festival approaches the whole community gets excited. Local families set up white tents in the valley. These tents, decorated with lights, is the heart of the festival. Families and friends gather here to eat, sing and celebrate together.
In the days leading up to the festival the tents are filled with homemade food. Traditional Icelandic food and modern food. The sense of community is strong as everyone helps to get ready. On Friday locals put on their best clothes and head to the festival grounds. The atmosphere is palpable.
The festival is also a feast for the eyes. The white tents, decorated with lights and festive items, is a beautiful sight. The colours and atmosphere makes the festival grounds a lovely place to be. Visitors enjoy the sights and sounds while wandering around the attractions.
One of the most looked forward to events of Þjóðhátíð is the Friday night bonfire. This big fire is prepared with care. The community works together to build it. It takes teamwork, strength and courage. Only a few can get close to the bonfire site for safety reasons. But the whole community watches as the flames go up in the sky.
The heat from the bonfire can be felt from afar. It shines a warm, flickering light over the valley. This is often photographed. These pictures show the power and beauty of the fire. They become festival icons. The bonfire is more than just a show. It’s a symbol of the community’s strength and unity.
The bonfire is also a meeting point for festival-goers. People gather around the fire to tell stories, sing songs and enjoy the warmth. The bonfire is togetherness. The sight of the flames in the night sky is mesmerizing and comforting.
The tradition of the bonfire is old. It reminds the islanders of their power and ability to come together. The bonfire is the spirit of the Westman Islands and their commitment to keeping their culture alive.
Music is at the core of Þjóðhátíð. From guitar sessions in the tents to big shows on the main stage music is everywhere. Every year the festival features Iceland’s most popular musicians. They perform against the beautiful backdrop of the Westman Islands. There’s something for everyone.
Saturday is a day of fun and chill. Families return to the valley to listen to music, have picnics and watch the kids play. The festival grounds is filled with laughter and music and the atmosphere is happy and relaxed. As the evening approaches everyone gathers on the hillside to watch the main acts. The new big stage adds to the experience with great sound and visuals.
The music at the festival is varied. Traditional Icelandic music and modern hits. This mix of music is the festival’s old and new. Whether you like folk, rock or pop you’ll find something to like. The acts bring energy to the festival.
Music is not just for fun. It’s a way to connect with others. Listening to live music together brings people together. The musicians and their acts make each day of the festival special and memorable.
Saturday night is another highlight of Þjóðhátíð. A big fireworks show. The colours explode in the night sky. They bounce off the mountains and create a stunning sight. The fireworks are timed to music and add extra magic. Visitors often say this is breathtaking. The echoes from the mountains makes it even more beautiful.
Another tradition at Þjóðhátíð is the costume contest. Friends often dress up in silly and creative costumes. This adds to the fun of the festival. The costumes are judged and the best group wins a prize. This adds a bit of competition to the celebrations. This is what the Þjóðhátíð is all about.
The fireworks is a favourite. The sight of the night sky filled with colours is breathtaking. Families and friends gather to watch the show, share the experience and make memories. The fireworks is the joy and excitement of the festival.
After midnight the party goes on and the younger people tend to party all night. Great music is played on big stage from the best bands and Dj´s in Iceland.
A big part of Þjóðhátíð is the famous guitar parties. They take place in the white tents. These are legendary in Iceland. They’re known for their lively and communal atmosphere. Every year a new festival song is introduced. This tradition started in 1933. The new song becomes part of the festival’s music.
The guitar parties have all kinds of music. Traditional Icelandic folk songs and modern hits. The tents becomes hotspots of music. People sing along, dance and enjoy the company of friends and family. The guitar parties shows the power of music to bring people together.
The guitar parties are more than music it is the core of the festival. People of all ages comes together to share their love of music. The relaxed atmosphere of the tents makes it easy for everyone to join in.
The tradition of the guitar parties has been kept alive for generations. It’s still popular and important. The guitar parties is part of the festival. It’s about the power of music to bring people together.
The grand finale of Þjóðhátíð is on the Sunday night. It’s the most popular night of the festival. Over 15,000 people gathers on the grassy hillside to sing along. Led by a single performer with acoustic guitar on stage and the crowd sings together. Thousands of voices singing in unison is an experience like no other. It feels like unity and happiness.
At midnight this year the valley will lit up with 150 red flares. Each flare representing the years that we have held this festival. This is followed by another fireworks display. The valley glowing red with fireworks in the sky is a perfect ending to the festival.
The sing-along is emotional. It brings people together in harmony. The simple setting with one guitarist makes it even more beautiful. The sing-along is the best of the festival and will be remembered.
The final fireworks is a big ending to the festival. The bursts of light and color in the night sky is a happy ending. The fireworks reminds everyone of the fun of the past few days and they’ll have happy memories.
Þjóðhátíð is all about community. It’s a group effort. Everyone is part of it. From preparing the bonfire to organizing music and shows, the festival shows the power of community.
Locals open their homes and tents to visitors. They share food, stories and traditions. This creates a warm atmosphere. Everyone feels part of the community. The festival is not just an event, it´s a celebration of the island´s Heritage.
The community is involved in every part of the festival. From planning to execution locals are the key. Their commitment makes the festival special. The community’s effort and participation is what makes Þjóðhátíð unique.
Þjóðhátíð is the highlight of the year but the Westman Islands has more to offer. The islands are beautiful. They have steep cliffs, green valleys and rich wildlife. The southernmost point is a popular spot for birdwatching. Puffins is a big attraction. Elephant rock is a popular photo spot. You can often see them up close. The South Coast of Iceland makes the islands accessible.
The islands also has a interesting history. It’s shaped by volcanic activity and maritime traditions. Eldfell volcano is a key highlight, offering spectacular views and historical significance. The Eldheimar Museum offers a simulation of the 1973 volcanic eruption. You can learn about the community’s resilience in the face of natural disaster. The new land formed by the 1973 eruption is a major attraction. During the eruption, all the fishing boats were in the harbor, leading to a complete evacuation of the island.
Outdoor lovers will find plenty to do in the Westman Islands. Hiking, bird watching, exploring sea caves and kayaking is on the menu. The small islands play a role in bird egg collection. The islands’ unique geography makes it a nature lover’s paradise. Boat tours are available to see puffins, explore sea caves, and enjoy unique attractions like Elephant Rock.
The Westman Islands is also rich in cultural heritage. You can visit historical sites and learn about maritime traditions. The local museums will give you an insight in the island’s history. Heimaey Island is the largest and most populated island. This little island has a rich history, including the Barbary Pirates' invasion and the volcanic eruption in 1974. The combination of nature and culture makes the Westman Islands a great destination. The Westman Islands archipelago is known for its natural beauty.
The Sea Life Trust Visitor Centre gives the opportunity to visit the Beluga Whale Sanctuary, home to two former captive beluga whales, Little Grey and Little White. The golf course on Heimaey is a starting point for a hike to Herjólfsdalur; be mindful of golf balls while walking along the path.
Every year Þjóðhátíð in the Westman Islands introduces a new song. This tradition started in 1933 and has become a big part of the festival. The annual song is highly anticipated by the locals and the visitors. It captures the spirit of the festival and the theme of the year.
The release of the song is a big deal. It’s usually released a few weeks before the festival and gets everyone excited. The community comes together to learn the new lyrics and melody so they can sing along during the festival. The song is performed live on the main stage and everyone joins in. This is the highlight of the festival and creates a sense of togetherness and joy.
The song is usually written by a local artist or a well known Icelandic musician. The lyrics often celebrate the community, the island’s heritage and the festival itself. The music is from folk to modern, so there’s something for everyone. The song becomes a part of the festival and is played during various events and gatherings.
Each year the song is a reflection of that year’s festival. It might include references to recent events, changes in the community or themes of resilience and celebration. The annual song helps preserve the cultural heritage of the Westman Islands and connects the past with the present.
The annual song is more than just a song. It’s a way for the community to express itself and its pride. It brings people together and creates a sense of belonging and continuity. The song becomes a memory for everyone who attends the festival, a musical snapshot of that year’s festival.
Visitors to Þjóðhátíð look forward to hearing the new song. For many it’s the highlight of their trip. The song is not just a piece of music but a symbol of the festival’s spirit. It’s a proof of the creativity and resilience of the Westman Islanders, celebrating their culture and community every year.
If you’re coming to the Westman Islands for Þjóðhátíð here’s what you need to know:
Þjóðhátíð in the Westman Islands is more than a festival. It’s a celebration of culture and community. From the history to the music and fireworks it’s a unique experience. Whether you like the bonfire, the guitar parties or the fireworks Þjóðhátíð will take you on an Icelandic journey.
So book your calendar, pack your bags and get ready for Þjóðhátíð. The Westman Islands is waiting for you.
Heading to Iceland and looking for a hidden gem? Look no further than the Westman Islands, also known as Vestmannaeyjar, an archipelago off the south coast of Iceland, famous for their natural beauty, local culture, and wildlife. Nestled in the North Atlantic Ocean, the islands boast breathtaking landscapes with green hills, mountains, lava rocks, rugged cliffs, and open valleys.
The Westman Islands are perfect for a day trip, offering attractions like the Eldheimar Museum, puffin watching tours, and the stunning Stórhöfði viewpoint. The Herjólfur is your key to getting to these magical islands from mainland Iceland. Whether you’re solo, a family looking for adventure, or a couple seeking a romantic escape, this guide will give you everything you need to know about traveling with Herjólfur and making the most of your Westman Islands trip.
One of the first things to do when planning your Westman Islands trip is to book your ferry tickets. It’s highly recommended to book in advance, especially during the busy summer months. Summer in Iceland is packed with tourists and events and the islands are a hot spot.
Booking in advance is also important if you’re bringing your car. The ferry often fills up with vehicles so booking early will save you from any last minute stress. You can book your tickets online through the Herjólfur ferry website or through various travel agencies.
Travel Time: The ferry ride from Landeyjahöfn to the Westman Islands takes around 35-40 minutes. In bad weather the ferry might depart from Þorlákshöfn instead which takes around 2 hours and 45 minutes. These longer trips are less common now since the new ferry started operating in 2019.
Eagle Air offers a flight option from Reykjavik to the Westman Islands, with a flight duration of about 20 minutes.
Comfort on Board: The Herjólfur ferry is designed for passenger comfort. It has both indoor and outdoor seating so you can choose your preference. The indoor seating area is cozy and perfect for relaxing during the trip and the outdoor seating is for enjoying the fresh air and the views.
There is also a cafeteria on board where you can buy snacks and drinks. For families traveling with children there is a TV corner to keep the little ones entertained. The trip itself is also beautiful, especially as you approach the Westman Islands harbour. The cliffs and rugged coastline along the Atlantic Ocean make the journey part of the fun.
When driving to Landeyjahöfn to catch the ferry you’ll be happy to hear that parking is free and there’s plenty of space. Not all parking spots are marked but you can park around the harbour. If you’re unsure where to park just ask the reception staff for help. Always take your valuables with you when you leave your car.
If you’re bringing your car on the ferry most rental cars including station wagons and small SUVs are under 5 meters in length. When booking your ferry tickets make sure to select a car length of under 5 meters for standard rentals. If you’re bringing a camper or mobile home make sure to specify the length and height of it so we can make sure there’s space for your vehicle on the ferry.
Having a car allows you to explore the entire island of Heimaey, including specific attractions such as the active volcano Eldfell, the puffin colony, and the tiny airport in the south. Many attractions on the Westman Islands are also within walking distance from the harbor, making it convenient for those not bringing a car.
Pets are allowed on the Herjólfur ferry. If you’re not bringing a car pets need to be in a cage on the car deck. This is for their safety and comfort during the trip. If you’re bringing a car pets need to stay in the vehicle during the ferry ride. This is for their security and comfort during the trip.
Weather in Iceland can be unpredictable and sometimes it affects the ferry operations. If departures from Landeyjahöfn are canceled due to weather the ferry might sail later or depart from Þorlákshöfn instead. Tickets for Landeyjahöfn will still be valid for Þorlákshöfn. The ferry company will notify passengers of any changes via SMS or email. If your plans change due to weather you can also ask for a refund.
The Herjólfur ferry has various facilities to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable. Inside the ferry the seating area is designed for comfort so you can relax. The outdoor seating area is where you can enjoy the fresh air and the views.
The cafeteria on board offers snacks and drinks so you can stay refreshed during the trip. For families traveling with children there’s a TV corner to keep the little ones entertained.
Local guides are available for various tours and activities, providing unique and insightful experiences such as puffin-watching tours, private tours around Vestmannaeyjar, ATV tours, and sailing tours around the smaller islands.
The trip on the Herjólfur ferry is not just a trip but an experience in itself. As you approach the Westman Islands make sure to have your camera ready. The approach to the islands is beautiful, the cliffs and rugged coastline with unique natural rock formations make for a great backdrop. The ferry ride offers views of unique natural rock formations along the coastline, including the famous Elephant Rock. The ferry ride offers a unique view of Iceland’s nature so it’s a must see part of your trip.
A Puffin and Volcano tour is one of the best experiences for visitors, combining wildlife viewing with the island’s volcanic history.
When you arrive in the Westman Islands you’ll find plenty of things to see and do. The islands are great for walking, most attractions are within 5-25 minutes walk from the harbour. Here are some of the highlights:
Additionally, you can join popular tours such as sailing, ATV tours, and guided trips with local experts to explore the islands further.
If you prefer not to drive, you can take the bus to Landeyjahöfn. The bus service from "Mjódd" in Kópavogur, near Reykjavík, stops at Hveragerði, Selfoss, Hella, and Hvolsvöllur before reaching Landeyjahöfn. You can find more information about the bus schedule and routes on the Strætó website.
If you don’t want to drive you can take the bus to Landeyjahöfn. The bus from “Mjódd” in Kópavogur, near Reykjavík, stops in Hveragerði, Selfoss, Hella and Hvolsvöllur before reaching Landeyjahöfn. You can find more information about the bus schedule and routes on the Strætó website.
For more information or help you can contact the Herjólfur ferry company directly. The staff is nice and helpful and can answer any questions you may have about your trip or the islands.
In short the Herjólfur ferry is the way to go from mainland Iceland to the Westman Islands. Here’s a quick rundown:
The Westman Islands is a one of a kind experience. With the Herjólfur ferry your trip to these beautiful islands will be comfortable and nice. Enjoy the views, explore the town, get to know the culture and the landscapes of the Westman Islands. Whether you’re here for a day or longer the Herjólfur ferry makes your trip to the Westman Islands easy and enjoyable and unforgettable.
There are various popular tours available on the Westman Islands, including sailing, ATV tours on a volcano, and visits to unique attractions like a beluga whale sanctuary and Puffin Rescue Centre.
Traveling to the Westman Islands with the Herjólfur ferry is more than just transportation; it’s an adventure. The ferry ride gives you a chance to see some of Iceland’s most beautiful coastline and the islands are a treasure trove of nature and culture.
Book in advance and you’ll have a stress free trip. Whether you’re traveling solo, with family or with friends the Herjólfur ferry has everything you need for a comfortable and enjoyable trip.
The Westman Islands is a destination like no other, a mix of beautiful landscapes, wildlife and local culture. As you step on the Herjólfur ferry and head towards the islands you’ll be setting the scene for an adventure of a lifetime. Pack your bags, book your tickets and get ready to visit one of Iceland’s most charming destinations. A boat tour around the Westman Islands is a must-do experience during the summer months. The Westman Islands is waiting for you!
Do you like puffins? We do! Here in the Westman Islands we are very proud of our connection to these little birds. The Westman Islands have the biggest puffin breeding colony in Iceland. Our history and culture is closely tied to these birds so they are a big part of our community’s heritage. The Westman Islands are only 8 miles off Iceland’s south coast so they are easy to get to if you are in the area.
Puffins are often mistaken for penguins because of their black and white feathers and upright stance. But puffins are not penguins. They belong to the Alcidae family which includes many seabirds in the northern hemisphere. Penguins are found in the southern hemisphere. Puffins are much smaller than penguins, about 30 cm (12 inches) long, 47-63 cm (18-25 inches) wingspan and 300-450 grams (10-16 ounces).
Despite their size puffins are strong and agile birds. Their small size allows them to fly and swim with surprising speed and agility. Their physical adaptations have evolved to fit their environment so well that they can thrive in the harsh North Atlantic.
One of the puffin’s most striking features is their beak. During the breeding season their beaks turn red and yellow stripes and blue near the base. This is part of their mating ritual to attract a mate. The colors fade after the breeding season and the outer plates of the beak are shed.
The puffin’s beak transformation is not just a biological wonder; it also serves a purpose. The colorful beak is a sign of maturity and health so the bird is ready to breed. This visual cue is important in the colonies where many puffins gather during the breeding season.
Puffins are known for their special flight pattern. Unlike many other birds, puffins have short wings in relation to their body size so they need to flap their wings fast to stay airborne. They can flap their wings up to 400 times per minute which makes them look a bit crazy in flight. But they are good fliers and can reach speeds of up to 80 km/h (50 mph).
Their flight style is a result of their life in both air and water. Puffins use their wings to ‘fly’ through the water when hunting for fish. This dual purpose adaptation is a proof of their evolutionary history and ability to thrive in different environments.
Puffins spend most of the year at sea but they come to land during the breeding season which starts in late April or early May. They gather in big colonies on grassy cliffs above rocky shores where they dig burrows for nesting. Puffins dig these burrows in the grassy hills, creating holes for their nests. The males prepare the nests using their beaks and legs to dig burrows in the soil. The burrows are often complex with multiple chambers and tunnels.
The social structure of puffin colonies is complex and fascinating. Puffins are monogamous birds and usually form lifelong pairs. The same pairs return to the same burrows year after year to re-mate and re-nest. The male usually arrives first to tidy up and prepare the burrow and the female arrives later. If the female is late the male may take a new mate but the original pair usually get back together.
The puffin breeding season starts in early spring. During this time puffins do courtship displays such as billing (rubbing their beaks together) and preening each other. These actions strengthen the pair bond and prepares for breeding.
The female puffin lays one egg in June and both parents take turns to incubate. The incubation period is 42 days. Unlike many other birds puffins don’t sit directly on their eggs. They use their wings to cover and protect the egg. This way of incubation keeps the egg warm and safe from predators.
The newly hatched puffin chick, called a puffling, is cared for by both parents. The parents take turns to feed the puffling, bringing back small fish such as sand eels. The unique shape of the puffin’s beak allows them to hold multiple fish at once so it’s easier to transport food back to the nest. A puffin can carry up to 20 fish at a time thanks to the spines inside their beaks that prevent the fish from slipping out.
During the breeding season puffins are very parental. They spend a lot of time and energy feeding and protecting their pufflings. In the Westman Islands, baby puffins are often rescued by local children during August and September when they get attracted to town lights. These local children play a big part in collecting, housing and releasing the baby puffins back into the wild, helping with the conservation on the island. The parents take turns to fly out to sea to catch fish, often going long distances to find food.
Pufflings grow fast with the rich food provided by their parents. As the pufflings grow the parents reduce the frequency of their feeding trips and encourage the young birds to become more independent. By the time the pufflings are ready to leave the nest they are strong and can fend for themselves.
The transition from dependence to independence is a critical period in a puffling’s life. As they leave their burrows, usually at night to avoid predators, they make their way to the sea. This is a big and scary journey as they have to navigate unknown territory and threats. The moonlight guides them and their instinctual drive to get to the water propels them forward.
After about 40 days of intense care puffin parents leave their pufflings to fend for themselves. This period of independence starts in mid August and ends in mid September. The young pufflings have to exit their burrows at night and make their way to the sea. Once they reach the water they start diving for food to build up their strength.
This is a big period for the pufflings. By leaving the nest at night they reduce the risk of predation from birds such as gulls and skuas. The pufflings rely on their instinct to guide them safely to the sea where they will spend the next few years before returning to land to breed.
The average time for a puffling to be fully independent is around 9 days after leaving the nest. By this time they are about 49 days old and have learned to fend for themselves. The journey to independence is tough but those that make it will grow into strong adults.
Having a big puffin colony near human settlements in the Westman Islands has created a tradition. Town lights can confuse young puffins, known as pufflings, and they end up crash-landing in the streets. For many years the children of the Westman Islands have taken on the task of rescuing these little puffins.
Families go out at night with flashlights to search for pufflings that have wandered into town. They collect the birds in special boxes to keep them safe until they can be released back into the wild. This is called the Puffling Patrol and is a big community activity that has been going on for generations.
During the puffling season (mid August to September) you can see children and families out at night searching for pufflings. The rescued birds are registered and released back into the ocean the next day. This helps the pufflings and also the connection between the community and nature.
The Puffling Patrol is more than a rescue mission; it’s a celebration of the strong bond between the people of the Westman Islands and the puffins. This tradition has created a sense of ownership and responsibility towards the local wildlife so that future generations will take care of these amazing birds.
If you visit the Westman Islands during the puffling season you can see puffins and release them at several locations. For a day trip you can drive and take the ferry from Reykjavik or join organized day trip tours from Reykjavik. However, transportation connections can be unpredictable due to weather conditions, so it's advisable to check the weather forecast and adjust your travel plans accordingly when visiting Iceland's south coast. One of the best spots is halfway up the Great Cape (Stórhöfði) where a big puffin colony is. There is also a bird watching house just 2 minutes from the road where you can see the birds up close.
Another good spot is the hammer by the road to the Great Cape where you can see many puffins. The golf course in the Westman Islands is also a popular spot for puffin watching. With over 1 million pairs of puffins in the islands you will have plenty of opportunities to see them in their natural habitat.
Klaufin, the black beach below the Great Cape is also a good spot to release young pufflings. When releasing the pufflings families help them slide into the sea giving them a good start in life. This is good for the pufflings and also a fun and educational experience for those involved.
If you want to learn more about puffins and the rescue of them there are several documentaries available, such as “Iceland Puffins, National Geographic”. These films give a good insight into the life of puffins and the efforts to protect them. Watching these documentaries is a good way to prepare for a visit to the Westman Islands and to understand the conservation work.
Although puffins are common in the Westman Islands they face many challenges. When planning trips to the Westman Islands, check the weather forecast as the weather is unpredictable. Transportation connections from Iceland's South Coast to the islands can be particularly affected by weather conditions, so it is advisable to adjust travel plans accordingly. Climate change, overfishing and pollution are big threats to puffins and their habitat. The warming of the North Atlantic Ocean has affected the availability of key prey species like sand eels and reduced the food source for puffins.
Conservation work is being done. Conservationists and researchers monitor the puffin colonies, study their behavior and implement measures to protect their habitat. This includes managing fishing to ensure sustainable fish populations and reducing pollution in the ocean.
Public awareness and education is also a big part of puffin conservation. By involving the local community and visitors in conservation work, like the Puffling Patrol, the Westman Islands can create an environmental culture. Educating people about puffins and the challenges they face will get more support for conservation.
Puffins are an important part of the marine ecosystem in the Westman Islands. As predators they regulate the population of small fish and other marine life. This predation keeps the ecosystem in balance so no one species gets too big.
Puffins are also indicators of the marine environment. Changes in puffin populations can show changes in the availability of prey species and the overall health of the ocean. By studying puffins researchers can get a glimpse into the bigger ecological changes in the North Atlantic.
The nesting behavior of puffins also benefits the terrestrial environment. Their burrows aerate the soil and provide habitat for other organisms. The droppings of puffins fertilize the soil and support the growth of vegetation on the cliffs where they nest.
The puffins in the Westman Islands have also become a tourist attraction. Many visitors come to the islands to see these amazing birds and learn about them. Tour packages to the Westman Islands often include ferry tickets so it’s easy for tourists. This influx of tourists is a bonus for the local community but requires management to not disturb the puffins and their habitat.
Eco-tourism initiatives have been developed to balance the interests of tourists and the needs of the puffin population. Guided tours, educational programs and designated viewing areas minimize the human impact while people can see the puffins up close. These initiatives aim to promote sustainable tourism that benefits both the local economy and the environment.
Tourism is also a chance to educate visitors about conservation. By explaining the challenges puffins face and the conservation work being done, tour operators and guides can get tourists to support conservation and adopt environmentally friendly habits in their own lives.
The future of puffins in the Westman Islands is in the hands of conservationists, researchers and the local community. The 1973 eruption of the Eldfell volcano on Heimaey Island had a big impact on the island and its people. By addressing climate change, overfishing and pollution we can keep puffin populations stable and healthy.
Community involvement is crucial for conservation. The Puffling Patrol is a great example of how old and new conservation can work together to protect wildlife. By instilling a sense of responsibility and pride in the local wildlife the people of the Westman Islands can be part of puffin conservation.
Research and monitoring is also an important part of conservation. Ongoing studies of puffin behavior, breeding success and population trends provide valuable data to inform conservation strategies. By knowing what puffins need and what challenges they face we can develop targeted measures to protect them.
If you love puffins and want to help with their conservation there are several ways to. Join the Puffin and Volcano Tour in the Westman Islands is a great way to get involved. This popular tour includes visits to the puffin observation tower, the volcanic eruption site of Mt. Eldfell
Supporting organizations that work to protect puffins and their habitat is a good start. Many conservation groups rely on donations and volunteer work to do their work.
Educating yourself and others about puffins and the challenges they face is another important step. By spreading the word you can build a bigger support base for conservation initiatives. Share on social media, participate in community events and advocate for environmental policies are all ways to make a difference.
Visiting the Westman Islands and eco-tourism can also support puffin conservation. By choosing responsible tour operators and following the guidelines for wildlife viewing you can make sure your visit has a positive impact on the environment.
And finally making sustainable choices in your daily life can help the oceans and puffins. Reduce plastic use, support sustainable seafood and advocate for climate change policies are all actions that can help puffins and other marine life.
Puffins are more than just a nice bird species; they are part of the Westman Islands ecosystem and culture. Their presence adds to the nature and the connection between the community and the natural world. By knowing and loving puffins we can understand the importance of conservation and why we need to protect these amazing birds for the future.
The Westman Islands is the only place where you can see puffins in the wild and be part of the conservation work. Whether through the Puffling Patrol or other conservation initiatives everyone can be part of puffin survival and prosperity.
So next time you’re in the Westman Islands look at the puffins. Learn about their life, their challenges and their role in the local environment. And maybe you’ll want to join the effort to protect them and the islands they live in.
